Distribution attributes of natural canopy gaps in the Hyrcanian mixed-oriental beech forests

One of the most important issues indicating quality and quantity forest ecosystems is distribution natural disturbances resulting in canopy gaps (CGs). The present study was conducted one Hyrcanian beech forests northern Iran summer 2018. gap areas were classified into small (< 200 m2), medium (200‒500 m2) large (500–1 000 on basis full inventory. univariate Ripley’s L-function used for introducing CG spatial pattern. Furthermore, mark correlation function (MCF) density (DC) turns verifying frequency size classes each results showed patterns class integrated by three classes, they random cluster, respectively. MCF revealed that independently located clusters. total small, 32, 49 19%, Although share more frequent than forest, DC indicated within regardless their share. Based aggregations, base circular mosaic with an area 5 m2 can be introduced monitoring specifying stand dynamics.